Bearded dragons are masters of disguise. In the wild, showing weakness makes them an easy target for predators. This instinct stays with them in captivity, meaning they will hide their illness until they can no longer physically mask it.

By the time you notice something is “off,” your dragon might have been sick for weeks.

As we emphasize in our Ultimate Bearded Dragon Care Guide, knowing your pet’s “normal” behavior is your best diagnostic tool. But there are universal red flags that should never be ignored.

Here are the 7 most common signs that your bearded dragon needs medical attention.

1. Lethargy (The “Lazy Lizard” Syndrome)

It is normal for dragons to be lazy, but there is a difference between “relaxing” and “lethargic.”

• The Test: If you pick them up and they are limp, don’t struggle, or can’t support their own head, this is a medical emergency.
• Potential Causes: Improper heating (too cold), parasite overload, or severe infection.
• Note: If it is winter, they might be in Brumation. Check our Brumation Guide to tell the difference.

2. Sunken Eyes & Wrinkly Skin

These are the classic signs of Dehydration.

• The Pinch Test: Gently pinch the skin on their back. If it stays tented and doesn’t snap back immediately, they are severely dehydrated.
• The Look: Their eyes should be bright and alert. If they look like they have “dark circles” or are sunken into the sockets, they need hydration immediately.

3. Impaction (No Poop for Days)

Adult dragons typically poop 1-3 times a week. If yours hasn’t gone in over a week and looks bloated, they might be Impacted.

• The Signs: A hard belly, dragging their back legs, or trembling.
• The Cause: Often caused by loose substrate (like sand) or eating insects that were too big.
• Immediate Action: Try a warm bath and a gentle belly massage. If that fails, see a vet.

4. The “Black Beard” of Distress

Dragons puff out and darken their beards when they are angry or hormonal. However, if your dragon has a jet-black beard 24/7 while just sitting in their tank, they are in pain.

• Context Matters: A black beard coupled with lethargy or hiding is the universal sign of reptilian suffering.

5. MBD Shakes (Tremors)

Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD) is caused by a lack of Calcium and UVB lighting. It is painful and deforming.

• Early Signs: Twitching toes, shaky legs when walking, or a “soft” jaw.
• Late Signs: Dragging legs, twisted spine, or seizures.
• Prevention: Ensure you have the correct UVB Lighting Setup.

6. Respiratory Infection (Gaping & Clicking)

If your dragon looks like it is gasping for air, or you hear a clicking/popping sound when they breathe, they likely have a respiratory infection (pneumonia).

• Visual Check: Look for excess mucus or bubbles around their nose and mouth.
• Cause: Usually caused by high humidity or a tank that is too cold at night.

7. Mouth Rot

Open your dragon’s mouth gently. The gums should be pink and healthy.

• The Signs: If you see a cheesy, yellowish-white substance (pus) or red, inflamed gums, this is Mouth Rot (Infectious Stomatitis). It eats away at the jawbone and requires antibiotics.

When to Call the Vet?

If you see Sign #1 (Extreme Lethargy) combined with any other sign on this list, do not wait. Reptiles deteriorate quickly once they crash.

Finding a vet who specializes in reptiles (Herp Vet) is crucial. A standard dog/cat vet may not have the equipment to diagnose them properly.

Now that you know what to look for, let’s explore a natural behavior that looks like sickness but isn’t. Read our guide on Brumation: Why Your Dragon is Sleeping for Weeks.